Since its origins in the late 18th century in Massachusetts, basketball has become an international sport. But, especially at the professional level, it continues to be nominated by the United States. So it shouldn't be surprising that much of the Spanish-language vocabulary of the game comes from English, and that among many fans some English terms may be understood more readily than the Spanish equivalents.
The Spanish vocabulary for the sport developed somewhat independently in various regions, so terms can vary not only between Spain and Latin America, but even between neighboring countries. Even the name of the game isn't uniform throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The vocabulary below represents some of the most common terms used by Spanish speakers, but it shouldn't be considered complete.
air ball el air ball
assist (noun) la asistencia
backboard el tablero
bank shot el tiro a tabla
basket (goal) el cesto, la canasta
basket (score) la canasta, el enceste
basketball (ball) el balón, la pelota
basketball (game) el baloncesto, el básquetbol, el basquetbol, el básquet
box score el box score, el sumario
center el/la pívot
cheerleader la animadora, el animador, el/la cheerleader
coach el entrenador, la entrenadora
corner la esquina
court (playing field) la pista, la cancha
defend defender
dribble (noun) el drible, la finta, la bota, el dribbling
dribble (verb) driblar
dunk (noun) el mate, el dunk
fast break el ataque rápido, el contraataque
forward el/la alero
free throw el tiro libre
half, quarter (period of play) el periodo, el período
hook shot el gancho
jump ball el salto entre dos
jump pass el pase en suspensión
jump shot el tiro en suspensión
key la botella, la zona de tres segundos
man-to-man (defense) (la defensa) hombre a hombre, (la defensa) al hombre
offense el ataque
overtime la prórroga, el tiempo añadido
pass (noun) el pase
pass (verb) pasar
personal foul la falta personal
pivot (verb) pivotear
play (noun, as in "three-point play") la jugada (la jugada de tres puntos)
player el jugador, la jugadora, el/la baloncestista
playoff la liguilla, la eliminatoria, el playoff
point (score) el punto
point guard el/la base, el armador, la armadora
post el poste
power forward el/la alero fuerte, el/la ala-pívot
press (noun) la presión
rebound (noun) el rebote
rebound (verb) rebotar
referee el/la árbitro, el/la referee
rookie el novato, la novata, el/la rookie
screen (noun) el bloqueo
screen (verb) bloquear
scrimmage la escaramuza
season la temporada
shoot tirar
shot el tiro
shooting guard el/la escolta
team el equipo
technical foul la falta técnica
timeout el tiempo muerto
tournament el torneo
turnover el balón perdido, la pelota perdida, el turnover
warmup el calentamiento
wing el/la alero
zone defense la defensa en zona
zone offense el ataque zonal
zone press el marcaje en zona

