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Machine Translation — Is It Good Enough?

Dateline: 11/16/98

Note: This article has been updated since it was originally written. You can read the update here.

It sounds as easy as can be: Write a letter to your Spanish-speaking friend in English, then use a few mouse clicks to run the letter through a translator, and presto-changeo the letter is ready to go in Spanish.

Or is it?

In a sentence, don't count on it.

Yes, they've developed chess-playing computers that can consistently defeat all but the best players, and even the 1991 chess program I play with on my PC can beat me. But the software needed to consistently translate the written word from one language to another still has a way to go.

There are good translation programs available; links to demos of some of them are listed on my Software page. They know their verb conjugations, and they make few grammatical errors. But they all have limited vocabularies and fall short in using context to determine which word to use among those that could properly be used to define a word.

A good place to see what language software can do is at the AltaVista Translation site. Set up as a demo of sorts for Systran translation software, the site translates from English to Spanish, German, Portuguese, or French, or in reverse. You can even type in the URL of an Internet site to see a translated version, although of course any graphics remain in the original language.

Here's how AltaVista translated the first paragraph of this feature into Spanish:

1Suena tan fácil como puede ser: Escriba una letra a su amigo de habla hispana en inglés, después utilice algunos 2tecleos del ratón para 3ejecutar la carta a través de un traductor, y 4el presto-changeo la carta es listo 5entrar en español.
That isn't bad, and it's probably close enough that a Spanish-speaking person could figure out what it means. But there are a few obvious problems. The translator 1didn't pick up the casual use of "sounds" and translated the word literally. It used a 2word-for-word translation for "mouse clicks." There is some debate going on among Spanish-speaking purists about how to translate computer terms, but a more common translation for "click" these days would be clic or even click. (It doesn't look right to me either.) The software did make a good effort with 3its translation of "run the letter through," although a human translator would have recast the sentence. The software didn't attempt 4"presto-changeo," which would have tripped even human translators unfamiliar with slang. Finally, the software 5didn't know what to do with "go." Enviar would have worked better.

To give an idea of how a translation to English might look, I picked a paragraph at random from a Spanish-language news article:

A judge ordered Tuesday to general Augusto Pinochet to appear before a court the 2 of December to initiate his process of extradition, unless to reafir a failure to me granting to him immunity, as soon as a lawyer said that the ex- Chilean president can to leave the hospital.
The main problem here is that the translator didn't have the verb reafirmar in its dictionary, and it didn't assume that the verb was afirmar plus the prefix re. And the sentence is awkward at best.

If you use translating software, here are some hints for helping it do a good job, adapted from advice offered by the now-defunct Globalink translation service:

  • Use concise, direct language.
  • Do not use idioms, slang or metaphors.
  • Avoid complex sentences.
  • Avoid metaphors.
  • Avoid words with more than one meaning.
  • Finally, review any translation before sending it to another person.

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